Resultados a largo plazo de la rehabilitación del piso pélvico en pacientes con incontinencia fecal / Long-term results of pelvic floor rehabilitation in patients with fecal incontinence

Resumen Introducción: La rehabilitación del piso pélvico es frecuentemente indicada a los pacientes con incontinencia fecal. Su efectividad a corto plazo ha sido demostrada. Sin embargo, sus resultados en el largo plazo son controversiales. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es evaluar los resultados funcionales y calidad de vida a largo plazo de los pacientes con incontinencia fecal tratados mediante rehabilitación del piso pélvico. Materiales y Método: Estudio cuasi-experimental. Se incluyeron los pacientes con incontinencia fecal tratados mediante rehabilitación del piso pélvico entre 2007-2014 en nuestro centro, sin necesidad de cirugía. Se midió el puntaje funcional de Wexner y de calidad de vida (FIQLS) antes (T1) y después del tratamiento (T2). Se realizó encuesta vía correo electrónico para obtener dichos puntajes entre 3-10 años posterior al tratamiento (T3). Resultados: De 215 pacientes, 182 cumplían criterios de inclusión. 96 (52,8%) de ellos respondieron la encuesta en T3. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 4,5 (3-10) años. La edad promedio al tiempo del estudio fue de 60,8 ±13,1 años. 88,4% fueron mujeres. La mediana del puntaje funcional fue 16 (6-20) en T1 y 7 (0-18) en T2, p = 0,000. La calidad de vida mejoró significativamente en sus 4 dimensiones entre T1 y T2. En T3, ambos puntajes presentaron mejores promedios que en T1, p = 0,000. No hubo asociación entre el tiempo de seguimiento y el resultado funcional en T3. Conclusión: Los pacientes con incontinencia fecal tratados mediante rehabilitación del piso pélvico mejoran significativamente su funcionalidad y calidad de vida. El beneficio disminuye en el tiempo, pero persiste mejor que previo al tratamiento.

Introduction: Pelvic floor rehabilitation is often indicated as first-line therapy for patients with fecal incontinence. Its short-term effectiveness has been demonstrated in these patients. However, long-term results are controversial. Aim: Our objective is to evalúate long-term functionality and quality of life in patients with fecal incontinence treated with pelvic floor rehabilitation. Materials and Method: Quasi- experimental study conducted at a single tertiary care center. We included patients with fecal incontinence treated by pelvic floor rehabilitation at our center between 2007-2014 who did not require surgery. Wexner functional score and quality of life using FIQLS were measured pre (T1) and post-treatment (T2). Poste - riorly, an-e-mail survey was conducted to retrieve scores three to 10 years after treatment (T3). Results: Of the 215 patients, 182 met the inclusion criteria. 96 (52.8%) patients responded at T3 and were therefore included. The median follow-up period was of 4.5 years (3-10). The mean age at the time of the study was 60.8 ± 13.1 years and 88.4% were women. The median Wexner score was 16 (6-20) in T1 and 7 (0-18) in T2, (p = 0.000). Quality of life improved significantly in its four dimensions when comparing T1 and T2. In T3, Wexner and the quality of life scores were significantly lower than T2. However, in T3, both scales had better means than T1, (p = 0.000). There was no association between the follow-up time and the functional result in T3. Conclusions: Patients with fecal incontinence treated by pelvic floor rehabilitation improve their functionality and quality of life significantly. This benefit decreases over time but remains above its baseline.

A importância da intervenção fisioterapêutica no vaginismo: uma revisão sistemática / The importance of physiotherapeutic intervention in vaginism: a systematic review

Objetivo: Descrever a importância da intervenção fisioterapêutica para mulheres com vaginismo. Fonte de dados: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados SciELO, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e Literatura Cinza, incluindo artigos nacionais e internacionais, sem delimitação temporal. Foram propostas para as buscas as seguintes palavras-chave e operadores boleanos: [("vaginismus") AND ("physiotherapy" OR "intervention" OR "efficiency")], sendo esses posteriormente adequados para as demais bases que foram utilizadas nesta revisão sistemática. Seleção dos estudos: A seleção dos estudos foi realizada por três examinadores independentes. Coleta de dados: Inicialmente foram excluídos estudos com base no título, em seguida os resumos foram analisados e, dos 353 artigos encontrados inicialmente, quatro foram elegíveis para esta revisão. Síntese dos dados: Os artigos incluídos descreveram que o tratamento fisioterapêutico é de extrema importância para as mulheres com vaginismo, pois aumenta a força e o controle sobre a musculatura do assoalho pélvico, diminuindo os sintomas do vaginismo e promovendo o incremento da satisfação sexual. Conclusão: A intervenção fisioterapêutica é imprescindível para mulheres que apresentam vaginismo, tendo em vista que suas técnicas têm efetividade na prevenção e tratamento do vaginismo, além de promover melhora importante na qualidade de vida e na satisfação sexual das mulheres.(AU)

Objective: To describe the importance of physical therapy intervention for women with vaginismus. Data source: The SciELO, PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS) and Gray Literature databases were used, including national and international articles, without temporal delimitation. The following keywords and Boolean operators were proposed for the searches: [("vaginismus") AND ("physiotherapy" OR "intervention" OR "efficiency")], which were later suitable for the other bases that were used in this systematic review. Study selection: Study selection was performed by three independent examiners. Data collection: Initially, studies were excluded based on the title, then the abstracts were analyzed and of the 353 articles found initially, 4 were eligible for this review. Data synthesis: The articles included described that physical therapy treatment is extremely important for women with vaginismus, as it increases strength and control over the pelvic floor muscles, decreasing the symptoms of vaginismus and promoting increased sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: Physical therapy intervention is essential for women who have vaginismus, considering that its techniques are effective in preventing and treating vaginismus, in addition to promoting an important improvement in women's quality of life and sexual satisfaction.(AU)

Contracción paradojal del puborrectal como causa de defecación obstructiva: resultados a corto plazo del tratamiento con biofeedback y rehabilitación pelviperineal / Puborectal paradoxical contraction as a cause of obstructive defecation: short-term outcomes of treatment with biofeedback and pelviperineal rehabilitation

Resumen Introducción: En pacientes constipados crónicos por obstrucción de salida, la contracción paradojal del puborrectal (CPP) o "anismo" es frecuente. El tratamiento con Biofeedback y rehabilitación pelviperineal presenta resultados exitosos entre el 40-90%. Objetivo: Evaluar el resultado del tratamiento con Biofeedback y rehabilitación pelviperineal en pacientes con CPP a corto plazo. Materiales y Método: Serie de casos. Datos obtenidos prospectivamente de la Unidad de Piso Pelviano. Se incluyó pacientes entre 2008 y 2015 que cumplían criterios de constipación crónica secundaria a CPP, confirmado por manometría anorrectal y/o defeco-resonancia. Se analizaron datos demográficos, frecuencia de evacuaciones, uso de laxantes, enemas, pujo, Score de Altomare y Score de constipación de Wexner pre y post-tratamiento. Resultados: 43 pacientes, de los cuales 39 son mujeres. Edad media de 40 años (rango: 14-84). Duración de síntomas fue ≥ 5 años en el 72,5%. Mediana de sesiones de Biofeedback de 8 (6-10). El 62,8% presenta ≤ 2 evacuaciones semanales y disminuye a un 29,3% post-tratamiento (p < 0,001). El 76,2% requiere laxantes orales y el 42,9% enemas, disminuyendo a 35,1% (p < 0,001) y 5,4% (p < 0,001) respectivamente post-tratamiento. Sensación de evacuación incompleta/fragmentada en todos los intentos mejoró de 67,4% a 14,6% (p < 0,001) y el pujo excesivo en más de la mitad de intentos mejoró de 76,1% a 10,8% (p < 0,001). Score de Wexner para constipación y Altomare mejoró de 18 a 7 (p < 0,001) y de 16 a 5 (p < 0,001) respectivamente. Conclusión: El biofeedback y la rehabilitación pelviperineal son efectivas en el tratamiento de la CPP.

Introduction: In patients with chronic constipation by obstructive defecation syndrome Paradoxical Puborectalis Contraction or "anismus" is important. Successful results for Biofeedback treatment and Pelviperineal Rehabilitation it described between 40-90%. Aim: To evaluate the outcome of biofeedback and pelviperineal rehabilitation in patients with CPP in the short-term. Materials and Method: Case series. Data was obtained from the prospective database of Pelvic Floor Unit of Universidad Católica de Chile. Patients with anismus were included between 2008 and 2015. Diagnostic criteria were chronic constipation patients by anismus with anorectal manometry and/or defecoresonancy that confirms this disorder and discards other causes of obstruted defecation síndrome. Demographic variables, frequency of bowel movements, use of laxatives, enemas, pushing, Altomare Score and Wexner constipation Score were analyzed pre and post-treatment. Results: Series of 43 patients, 39 of whom where women. Median age: 40 years (range: 14-84). Duration of symptoms ≥ 5 years in 72.5%. Median of Biofeedback sessions: 8 (range 6-10). Pre-treatment, 62.8% had ≤ 2 evacuations weekly and 29.3% post-treatment (p < 0.001). Oral laxatives were required in 76.2% and 42.9% enemas, decreasing to 35.1% (p < 0.001) and 5.4% (p < 0.001) post-treatment respectively. Feeling of incomplete/evacuation fragmented all the time improved from 67.4% to 14.6% (p < 0.001) and excessive pushing in more than half of time improved from 76.1% to 10.8% (p < 0.001). Wexner Score for and Altomare Score improved from 18 to 7 (p < 0.001) and 16 to 5 (p < 0.001) respectively. Conclusion: Adult with chronic constipation by anismus can be treated effectively with Biofeedback and Pelviperineal Rehabilitation.

Constipação com obstrução à saída e incontinência fecal: o tratamento de reabilitação é o caminho? Mito ou realidade / Outlet obstructed constipation and fecal incontinence: is rehabilitation treatment the way? myth or reality

ABSTRACT Pelvic floor rehabilitation aims to address perineal functional and anatomic alterations as well as thoraco-abdominal mechanic dysfunctions leading to procto-urologic diseases like constipation, fecal and urinary incontinence, and pelvic pain. They require a multidimensional approach, with a significant impact on patients quality of life. An exhaustive clinical and instrumental protocol to assess defecation disorders should include clinical and instrumental evaluation as well as several clinical/physiatric parameters. All these parameters must be considered in order to recognize and define any potential factor playing a role in the functional aspects of incontinence, constipation and pelvic pain. After such evaluation, having precisely identified any thoraco-abdomino-perineal anatomic and functional alterations, a pelvi-perineal rehabilitation program can be carried out to correct the abovementioned alterations and to obtain clinical improvement. The success of the rehabilitative process is linked to several factors such as a careful evaluation of the patient, aimed to select the most appropriate and specific targeted rehabilitative therapy, the therapist's scrupulous hard work, especially as regards the patient's emotional and psychic state, and finally the patient's compliance in undertaking the therapy itself, especially at home. These factors may deeply influence the overall outcomes of the rehabilitative therapies, ranging from "real" success to illusion "myth".

RESUMO A reabilitação do assoalho pélvico visa abordar alterações funcionais e anatômicas perineais, bem como disfunções mecânicas torácicas-abdominais que levam a doenças procto-urológicas como prisão de ventre, incontinência fecal e urinária e dor pélvica. Requerem uma abordagem multidimensional, com impacto significativo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Um protocolo clínico e instrumental exaustivo para avaliar os transtornos de defecação deve incluir avaliação clínica e instrumental, bem como diversos parâmetros clínicos/fisiátricos. Todos esses parâmetros devem ser considerados para reconhecer e definir qualquer fator potencial desempenhando um papel nos aspectos funcionais da incontinência, prisão de ventre e dor pélvica. Após tal avaliação, tendo identificado com precisão quaisquer alterações anatômicas e funcionais tóraco-abdomino-perineais, um programa de reabilitação pelvi-perineal pode ser realizado para corrigir as alterações acima mencionadas e obter melhora clínica. O sucesso do processo de reabilitação está ligado a diversos fatores, como uma avaliação cuidadosa do paciente, visando selecionar a terapia de reabilitação direcionada mais adequada e específica, além do trabalho árduo e escrupuloso do terapeuta, especialmente no que diz respeito ao estado emocional e psíquico do paciente e, finalmente, a conformidade do paciente em realizar a terapia em si, especialmente em casa. Esses fatores podem influenciar profundamente os resultados globais das terapias de reabilitação, que vão desde o sucesso "real" até o "mito" ilusório.

Narrative review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse

ABSTRACT The exact prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse is difficult to establish. The anatomical changes do not always consist with the severity or the symptoms associated with prolapse. There are many risk factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse and this review aims to identify the epidemiology and pathophysiology while looking at the known risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse. PubMed search involved a number of terms including: epidemiology, risk factors, reoccurrence indicators, management and evaluation. Several risk factors have been associated with pelvic organ prolapse, all contribute to weakening of the pelvic floor connective tissue/collagen, allowing the pelvic organs to prolapse through the vaginal walls. Among the risk factors are genetic background, childbirth and mode of delivery, previous hysterectomy, menopausal state and the ratio between Estrogen receptors. The "Integral theory" of Petros and the "Levels of Support" model of Delancey enable us to locate the defect, diagnose and treat pelvic organ prolapse. The currently available demographic data is not reliable enough to properly estimate the true extent of pelvic organ prolapse in the population. However, standardization of the diagnosis and treatment may significantly improve our ability to estimate the true incidence and prevalence of this condition in the coming years.

Effects of perioperative pelvic floor muscle training on early recovery of urinary continence and erectile function in men undergoing radical prostatectomy: a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Aims: Radical prostatectomy (RP) can result in urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED), which negatively impact quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a perioperative pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) program versus usual care on early recovery of urinary continence and erectile function after RP. Materials and Methods: Of 59 eligible men, 31 were randomly allocated into 2 groups: Group 1 (Control, N=15) received usual post-RP care; and Group 2 (Physical therapy, N=16) received two pre-RP physical therapist-guided PFMT sessions, including exercises and electromyographic biofeedback, and verbal and written instructions to continue PFMT until RP, which was then resumed after urethral catheter removal. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire were used to evaluate UI and ED, respectively. Results: Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups. Three months after RP, the UI rate was 72.7% and 70.0% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P >0.05). The severity and frequency of UI and its impact on QoL were evaluated by the ICIQ-Short Form, with scores of 6.9±6.26 in Group 1 and 7.0±5.12 in Group 2 (P >0.05). The IIEF-5 scores were similar in Groups 1 and 2 (5.73±7.43 vs. 6.70±6.68, respectively) (P >0.05). Conclusion: Our pre-RP protocol of two physical therapist-assisted sessions of PFMT plus instructions did not significantly improve urinary continence or erectile function at 3 months after RP.

Incontinencia urinaria en el adulto mayor / Urinary incontinence in the elderly

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La incontinencia urinaria (IU) corresponde a la pérdida involuntaria de orina. En la medida en que la población envejece, aumenta su prevalencia y severidad. Objetivo: Describir el impacto de la incontinencia de orina en la población adulto mayor, así como conocer su fisiopatología e implicancias en la calidad de vida. Método: Revisión de la literatura disponible en PubMed, Embase y Medline utilizando los términos "urinary incontinence" y "elderly" entre los años 1990 y 2018. Resultados: La IU en el adulto mayor impacta negativamente en la calidad de vida de esta población, teniendo una multiplicidad de causas subyacentes que implican un tratamiento integral y multidisciplinario de esta patología. Conclusión: Dado el incremento de la edad en la población, conocer y manejar esta patología es importante para el clínico y el especialista para que de esta forma mejore la calidad de vida en este grupo etario.

ABSTRACT Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine. The prevalence and severity of this condition increase as population ages. Objective: To describe the impact urinary incontinence in the elderly population, as well as to know its pathophysiology and implications in the quality of life. Method: Review of the literature available in PubMed, Embase and Medline using the keywords "urinary incontinence" and "elderly" between 1990 and 2018. Results: UI in the elderly has a negative impact on their quality of life, having a multiplicity of underlying causes that imply a comprehensive and multidisciplinary treatment of this pathology. Conclusion: Given the age increase in general population, knowing and managing this pathology is important for the clinician and the specialist to improve the quality of life in this age group.

Pelvic floor electromyography and urine flow patterns in children with vesicoureteral reflux and lower urinary tract symptoms

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the different urine flow patterns and active pelvic floor electromyography (EMG) during voiding in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) as well as presenting the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in these patients. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of children diagnosed with VUR after toilet training from Sep 2013 to Jan 2016. 225 anatomically and neurologically normal children were included. The reflux was diagnosed with voiding cystourethrography. The study was comprised an interview by means of a symptom questionnaire, a voiding diary, uroflowmetry with EMG and kidney and bladder ultrasounds. Urine flow patterns were classified as bell shape, staccato, interrupted, tower and plateau based on the current International Children's Continence Society guidelines. Results: Of 225 children with VUR (175 girls, 50 boys), underwent uroflowmetry + EMG, 151 (67.1%) had an abnormal urine flow pattern. An active pelvic floor EMG during voiding was confirmed in 113 (50.2%) children. The flow patterns were staccato in 76 (33.7 %), interrupted in 41 (18.2%), Plateau in 26 (11.5%), tower in 12 (5.3%) and a bell shape or normal pattern in 70 (31.5%). Urinary tract infection, enuresis and constipation respectively, were more frequent symptoms in these patients. Conclusions: Bladder/bowel dysfunction is common in patients with VUR that increases the risk of breakthrough urinary tract infections in children receiving antibiotic prophylaxis and reduces the success rate for endoscopic injection therapy. Therefore investigation of voiding dysfunction with primary assessment tools can be used prior to treating VUR.

Profile and quality of life of women in pelvic floor rehabilitation / Perfil y calidad de vida de mujeres en rehabilitación del piso pélvico / Perfil e qualidade de vida de mulheres em reabilitação do assoalho pélvico

ABSTRACT Objective: Describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and sexual profile, identify profile variables that affect the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and evaluate the correlation between two HRQoL questionnaires used in a pelvic floor rehabilitation program. Method: This is an observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study, based on patient records and two questionnaires for HRQoL evaluation. Results: Women presented a mean age of 55.4 years; were married; white; had stress, urge, or mixed urinary incontinence (UI) of moderate to large urine release; and daily or diurnal UI. Only 50.5% had an active sex life and most had sexual complaints. The change in sexual activity and some types of UI affected the HRQoL. The two questionnaires presented a correlation. Conclusion: The profile and correlation between the questionnaires are consistent with the literature. The type of UI and changes in sexual activity affect the HRQoL.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el perfil sociodemográfico, clínico y sexual; identificar variables del perfil que interfieren en la Calidad de Vida Relacionada a la Salud (CVRS) y evaluar correlación entre dos cuestionarios de CVRS usados en un Programa de Rehabilitación del Piso Pélvico. Método: Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, basado en fichas de atención y en dos cuestionarios de evaluación de CVRS. Resultados: La media etaria de las mujeres era de 55,4 años, casadas, blancas, con incontinencia urinaria (IU) de esfuerzo, de urgencia o mixta, con pérdidas urinarias de moderada a gran cantidad, diarias y diurnas. Solo 50,5% llevaba vida sexual activa. La mayoría expresaba quejas sexuales. El cambio en la actividad sexual y algunos tipos de IU afectaron la CVRS. Los cuestionarios demostraron correlación. Conclusión: El perfil y la correlación entre ambos cuestionarios concuerdan con la literatura. El tipo de UI y los cambios en la actividad sexual afectan la CVRS.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e sexual, identificar variáveis do perfil que interferem na Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) e avaliar correlação entre dois questionários de QVRS usados em um Programa de Reabilitação do Assoalho Pélvico. Método: Estudo observacional, analítico e transversal, com base em fichas de atendimento e dois questionários de avaliação da QVRS. Resultados: As mulheres possuíam idade média de 55,4 anos, eram casadas, brancas, tinham incontinência urinária (IU) de esforço, de urgência ou mista, com perdas urinárias de moderada a grande quantidade, diárias e diurnas. Apenas 50,5% tinham vida sexual ativa e a maioria apresentava queixas sexuais. A mudança na atividade sexual e alguns tipos de IU afetaram a QVRS. Os dois questionários apresentaram correlação. Conclusão: O perfil e a correlação entre os questionários condizem com a literatura. Tipo de IU e mudança na atividade sexual afetam a QVRS.

Diagnosis and treatment of constipation: a clinical update based on the Rome IV criteria / Diagnóstico e tratamento da constipação crônica: atualização baseado nos critérios Roma IV

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the published professional association guidelines regarding the current diagnosis and treatment of functional intestinal constipation in adults and to compare those guidelines with the authors' experience to standardize actions that aid clinical reasoning and decision-making for medical professionals. A literature search was conducted in the Medline/PubMed, Scielo, EMBASE and Cochrane online databases using the following terms: chronic constipation, diagnosis, management of chronic constipation, Roma IV and surgical treatment. Conclusively, chronic intestinal constipation is a common condition in adults and occurs most frequently in the elderly and in women. Establishing a precise diagnosis of the physiopathology of functional chronic constipation is complex and requires many functional tests in refractory cases. An understanding of intestinal motility and the defecatory process is critical for the appropriate management of chronic functional intestinal constipation, with surgery reserved for cases in which pharmacologic intervention has failed. The information contained in this review article is subject to the critical evaluation of the medical specialist responsible for determining the action plan to be followed within the context of the conditions and clinical status of each individual patient.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os consensos de sociedade de especialistas e guidelines publicados sobre o diagnóstico e tratamento da constipação intestinal crônica em adultos, e confrontar com a experiência dos autores, a fim de padronizar condutas que auxiliem o raciocínio e a tomada de conduta do médico. Foi realizada busca na literatura científica, mais precisamente nas bases de dados eletrônicos Medline/Pubmed, Scielo, EMBASE and Cochrane, tendo sido utilizado os seguintes descritores: chronic constipation, diagnosis, management of chronic constipation, Roma IV and surgical treatment. Pode-se concluir que constipação crônica é condição comum em adultos, ocorrendo com maior frequência em idosos e mulheres. Identificar com precisão a fisiopatologia presente na constipação crônica funcional é complexo, requerendo a realização de testes funcionais nos casos refratários. O entendimento da motilidade intestinal e do mecanismo defecatório é importante para o manejo da constipação intestinal crônica funcional, sendo o tratamento cirúrgico indicado para casos selecionados, onde à abordagem medicamentosa não surtiu efeito. As informações contidas neste artigo de revisão devem ser submetidas à avaliação e à crítica do médico especialista responsável pela conduta a ser tomada, frente à sua realidade e ao estado clínico de cada paciente.

Incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo en mujeres: impacto en la calidad de vida tras rehabilitación del suelo pélvico / Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women: Impact in the Quality of Life after Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation

Objetivos: Conocer el resultado y el impacto en la calidad de vida en mujeres con IUE antes y después de ser sometidas a nuestro programa de rehabilitación del suelo pélvico (PRSP). Materiales y métodos: Las pacientes con IUE derivadas al PRSP debían cumplimentar el cuestionario de Potenziani antes y después de completar el programa. Se registraron las variables pretratamiento: edad, peso, índice de masa corporal, tipo de IUE, número de compresas y puntuación del cuestionario. Las pacientes eran reevaluadas a los 6 meses de finalizado el PRSP para evaluar el resultado (curación, mejoría o igual) y su grado de afectación en la calidad de vida mediante el cuestionario Potenziani. Resultados: A lo largo del año 2014 fueron derivadas 56 pacientes con IUE para iniciar el PRSP. Finalizaron adecuadamente el programa de rehabilitación 48 pacientes, de las cuales cumplimentaron correctamente los cuestionarios pre y post-rehabilitación 41 pacientes. La puntuación media del cuestionario Potenziani antes de iniciar el PRSP era de 10,15 puntos y la puntuación media a los 6 meses de finalizado el PRSP era de 6,83 puntos, existiendo diferencias significativas. Tras finalizar el PRSP, 22 pacientes referían estar curadas, 15 habían mejorado y 4 continuaban igual. Precisaron de colocación de sling transobturatorio (transobturator tape, TOT) 6 pacientes. Conclusión: La rehabilitación del suelo pélvico es una herramienta muy útil para curar la IUE y mejora la calidad de vida de las pacientes (AU)

Objectives: Determine the outcome and impact of quality of life in women with SUI before and then treated with our program of pelvic floor rehabilitation (PPFR). Materials and methods: Patients with SUI derived to the PPFR should complete the questionnaire Potenziani before and after completing the program. Before starting the rehabilitation treatment, we registered the variables age, weight, body mass index, number of pads, type of incontinence and questionnaire score. Patients were reevaluated at 6 months finalizing the PPFR to evaluate the outcome (cure, improvement or equal) and their level of affectation in the quality of life by Potenziani questionnaire. Results: In the year 2014 were derived 56 patients with SUI to start the PPFR. 48 patients completed correctly the program, and 41 patients completed the questionnaires correctly before and after the rehabilitation program. The score of the questionnaire Potenziani before starting the PPFR was 10.15 points and the score at 6 months of completion of the PPFR was 6.83 points, with significant differences. After finalizing the PPFR, 22 patients reported being cured, 15 had improved and 4 remained the same. Six patients needed surgery to correct the urinary incontinence (transobturator tape, TOT). Conclusion: Pelvic floor rehabilitation is very useful tool to treat SUI and improving the quality of life of patients.(AU)

Impacto de la rehabilitación del piso pelviano en la calidad de vida de mujeres con incontinencia urinaria / Impact of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation on the Quality of Life of Women with Urinary Incontinence

Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto en la calidad de vida de mujeres con diversos tipos de incontinencia urinaria, en quienes se realizó un programa de entrenamiento de la musculatura del piso pelviano (EMPP). Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico que evaluó a mujeres con incontinencia urinaria derivadas al Centro Urológico Profesor Bengió para realizar rehabilitación del piso pelviano entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2015. Todas las pacientes recibieron EMPP como primera línea de tratamiento. La calidad de vida fue evaluada mediante cuestionarios validados, entre los que se realizó UDI-6 (Urogenital Distress Index), IIQ-7 (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire) versión corta e IQoL (Incontinence Quality of Life). Las variables continuas fueron comparadas a través de pruebas pareadas de T test y las categóricas por el método de chi cuadrado (X2 ). Las puntuaciones fueron evaluadas previo y posterior al EMPP. Se definió una p<0,05 como estadísticamente significativa. Resultados: La población en estudio se remitió a 82 pacientes. La mejoría subjetiva expresada por las pacientes en una escala de 0-10 fue de 6,33 (desvío estándar [DE]=2,42) con una mediana de 7. En la población general existe una declinación en el cuestionario UDI-6 (-2,6; p<0,0001), IIQ-7 (-2,4; p=0,0001) y un aumento en IQoL (11,35; p<0,0001). En los diferentes tipos de incontinencia urinaria (esfuerzo, urgencia y mixta) también se observó una mejoría individual en todos los cuestionarios en cada tipo de incontinencia urinaria, excepto en el cuestionario IQoL (p=0,34) en pacientes con incontinencia de orina de esfuerzo. Conclusiones: El EMPP representa una terapia no invasiva efectiva en el tratamiento de diversas formas de incontinencia de orina, produciendo un impacto favorable en la calidad de vida de mujeres que padecen esta patología.(AU)

Objectives: To assess the impact on the quality of life in women with different types of urinary incontinence, who was a training of the musculature of the pelvic floor muscle (TMPP) program. Materials and methods: Was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study evaluated women with urinary incontinence derived for rehabilitation of pelvic floor between January 2014 and December 2015. All patients received TMPP as first line treatment. Quality of life was evaluated performing validated questionnaires, which was carried out: UDI-6 (Urogenital Distress Index), IIQ-7 (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire) short version and IQoL (Incontinence Quality of Life). Continuous variables were compared through the categorical and paired T test tests by chi square (X2 ) method. Scores were assessed pre and post the TMPP. Defined a p<0.05 as statistically significant. Results: The study population was referred to 82 patients. Subjective improvement expressed by patients on a scale of 0-10 was 6.33 (standard deviation [SD]=2.42) with a median of 7. In the general population, there is a decline in the UDI-6 questionnaire (-2.6; p<0.0001), IIQ-7 (-2.4; p=0.0001) and an increase in the IQoL (11.35; p<0.0001). In the different types of urinary incontinence (stress, urgency and mixed) also find an individual improvement in all the questionnaires in each type of urinary incontinence, except in questionnaire IQoL (p=0.34) in patients who are stress urinary incontinence. Conclusions: The TMPP represents a therapy effective non-invasive in the treatment of various forms of urinary incontinence producing a positive impact on the quality of life of women living with this disease.(AU)

Pelvic floor muscle training for overactive bladder symptoms - A prospective study / Treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico nos sintomas da bexiga hiperativa - Um estudo prospectivo

Summary Introduction: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) involves the contraction of the puborectal, anal sphincter and external urethral muscles, inhibiting the detrusor contraction, what justify its use in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. Objective: To verify the effects of isolated PFMT on the symptoms of OAB. Method: Prospective clinical trial with 27 women with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI), with predominance of OAB symptoms and loss ≥ 2 g in the pad test. It was evaluated: pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) function (digital palpation and manometry); urinary symptoms (nocturia, frequency and urinary loss); degree of discomfort of OAB symptoms; and quality of life (Incontinence Quality-of-Life Questionnaire [I-QoL]). The PFMT program consisted of 24 outpatient sessions (2x/week + home PFMT). The Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests (with a significance level of 5%) were used to analyse the data. Results: There was a significant improvement of the urinary symptoms to the pad test (5.8±9.7, p<0.001), urinary loss (0.7±1.1, p=0.005) and nocturia (0.8±0.9, p=0.011). Reduction in the degree of discomfort of urinary symptoms was observed according to OAB-V8 questionnaire (10.0±7.7, p=0.001). There were also significant results in PFMs function: Oxford (3.6±0.9, p=0.001), endurance (5.2±1.8, p<0.001), fast (8.9±1.5, p<0.001) and manometry (26.6±15.8, p=0.003). In addition, quality of life had a significant improvement in the three domains evaluated by I-QoL. Conclusion: The PFMT without any additional guidelines improves the symptomatology, the function of PFMs and the quality of life of women with OAB symptoms.

Resumo Introdução: O treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (TMAP) envolve a contração dos músculos puborretal, esfíncteres anal e uretral externo, inibindo a contração do detrusor, o que justifica sua utilização no tratamento dos sintomas da bexiga hiperativa (BH). Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos do TMAP isolado sobre a sintomatologia da BH. Método: Ensaio clínico prospectivo com 27 mulheres com incontinência urinária mista (IUM), com predomínio de sintomas de BH e perda ≥ 2 g no pad test. Avaliaram-se: função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP) (palpação digital e manometria); sintomas urinários (noctúria, frequência e perda urinária); grau de incômodo dos sintomas de BH (Overactive Bladder Questionnaire [OAB-V8]); e qualidade de vida (Incontinence Quality-of-Life Questionnaire [I-QoL]). O programa de TMAP consistiu em 24 sessões ambulatoriais (2x/semana + TMAP domiciliar). Os testes de Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon (com nível de significância de 5%) foram utilizados para analisar os dados. Resultados: Observou-se melhora significativa dos sintomas urinários ao pad test (5,8±9,7; p<0,001); ao diário miccional (perda urinária [0,7±1,1; p=0,005] e noctúria [0,8±0,9; p=0,011]). Foram observados redução do grau de incômodo dos sintomas urinários conforme questionário OAB-V8 (10,0±7,7; p=0,001) e significativos resultados na função dos MAP: Oxford (3,6±0,9; p=0,001), Endurance (5,2±1,8; p<0,001), Fast (8,9±1,5; p<0,001) e manometria (26,6±15,8; p=0,003). No mais, a qualidade de vida teve significativa melhora nos três domínios avaliados pelo I-QoL. Conclusão: O TMAP sem quaisquer orientações adicionais melhora a sintomatologia, a função dos MAP e a qualidade de vida de mulheres com sintomas de BH.

Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus electrical stimulation with pelvic floor muscle training for overactive bladder syndrome in women: results of a randomized controlled study

ABSTRACT Introduction This study compared percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) versus electrical stimulation with pelvic floor muscle training (ES + PFMT) in women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). Materials and Methods 60 women with OAB were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two groups. In group A, women underwent ES with PFMT, in group B women underwent PTNS. Results A statistically significant reduction in the number of daily micturitions, episodes of nocturia and urge incontinence was found in the two groups but the difference was more substantial in women treated with PTNS; voided volume increased in both groups. Quality of life improved in both groups, whereas patient perception of urgency improved only in women treated with PTNS. Global impression of improvement revealed a greater satisfaction in patients treated with PTNS. Conclusion This study demonstrates the effectiveness of PTNS and ES with PFMT in women with OAB, but greater improvements were found with PTNS.

Programa de reabilitação do assoalho pélvico: relato de 10 anos de experiência / Programa de rehabilitación del piso pélvico: relato de 10 años de experiencia / Pelvic floor rehabilitation program: report of 10 years of experience

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a criação, experiência de implantação e atendimento realizado no Programa de Reabilitação do Assoalho Pélvico (PRAP), um projeto da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), desenvolvido em um centro de saúde de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados: este Programa surgiu devido à elevada demanda de pacientes com incontinência urinária (IU) e necessidade de formação ou capacitação de profissionais para atender esta clientela e multiplicar as ações em outras unidades de saúde. Atualmente o PRAP encontra-se em seu décimo ano de funcionamento, tendo, até o momento, atendido 102 pacientes com IU e outras disfunções do assoalho pélvico e do trato urinário inferior, formado 480 alunos, capacitado oito profissionais de saúde e estimulado pesquisas. Conclusão: as atividades preventivas e de reabilitação do assoalho pélvico constituem-se áreas de importante atuação do enfermeiro e iniciativas como a relatada contribuem para a formação profissional e prática baseada em evidências.

RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar la creación, experiencia de implantación y atendimiento realizado en el Programa de Rehabilitación del Piso Pélvico (en portugués, PRAP1), un proyecto de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), desarrollado en un centro de salud de Campinas, San Pablo, Brasil. Resultados: este Programa surgió debido a la elevada demanda de pacientes que sufren de incontinencia urinaria (IU) y necesidad de formación o capacitación de profesionales para atender a esta clientela y multiplicar las acciones en otras unidades de salud. Actualmente el PRAP está en su décimo año de funcionamiento, y ha atendido, hasta este momento, a 102 pacientes con IU y otras disfunciones del suelo pélvico y del tracto urinario inferior, además de haber formado 480 alumnos, capacitado ocho profesionales de la salud y estimulado investigaciones. Conclusión: las actividades preventivas y de rehabilitación del piso pélvico constituyen áreas de importante actuación del enfermero e iniciativas como la relatada, y contribuyen para la formación profesional y práctica basada en evidencias.

ABSTRACT Objective: to relate the creation, experience of establishment and service performed in the Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Program [(PRAP)], a project of the School of Nursing of University of Campinas (UNICAMP), developed at a health unity in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Results: this Program appeared due to the high demand of patients with urinary incontinence (UI) and need of formation or qualification of professionals to serve those customers and multiply the actions at other health unities. Nowadays, the PRAP is in its tenth year, and it has served 102 patients with UI and other dysfunctions of the pelvic floor and lower urinary tract, qualified 480 health professionals and stimulated researches. Conclusion: the preventive actions of pelvic floor rehabilitation are important areas of the nurse’s performance and initiatives as the related ones contribute for the professional formation and practice based on evidences.

Impacto da incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida sexual da mulher / Impact of the urinary incontinence in the sexual life quality of the women

O enfraquecimento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico pode prejudicar a função urinária e sexual das mulheres. A perda de alguma função fisiológica, mesmo que temporária, causa alterações no cotidiano das pacientes, provocando impacto psicossocial e na sua qualidade de vida. O presente estudo busca quantificar o impacto da incontinência urinária (IU) na qualidade de vida sexual das mulheres através de uma revisão da literatura atual disponível, publicada entre 2000 e 2015. Apesar dos dados serem ainda inconsistentes, comprovou-se que a incontinência urinária afeta de maneira importante a sexualidade e a qualidade de vida de parte importante das mulheres acometidas.(AU)

The pelvic floor muscles weakness can impair urinary and sexual function of women. The loss of some physiological function, even if temporary, causes changes in the daily lives of patients, causing psychosocial impact and affecting their quality of life. This study seeks to quantify the impact of urinary incontinence (UI) in the quality of sexual life of women through a review of the currently avaiable data, publishe between 2000-2015. Even data are still inconsistent it was demonstrated that urinary incontinence significantly affects sexuality and important part of quality of life of affected women.(AU)

Correlation between maximum voluntary contraction and endurance measured by digital palpation and manometry: An observational study / Correlação entre contração voluntária máxima e endurance avaliados por palpação digital e manometria: um estudo observacional

Summary Introduction: Digital palpation and manometry are methods that can provide information regarding maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and endurance of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM), and a strong correlation between these variables can be expected. Objective: To investigate the correlation between MVC and endurance, measured by digital palpation and manometry. Method: Forty-two women, with mean age of 58.1 years (±10.2), and predominant symptoms of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), were included. Examination was firstly conducted by digital palpation and subsequently using a Peritron manometer. MVC was measured using a 0-5 score, based on the Oxford Grading Scale. Endurance was assessed based on the PERFECT scheme. Results: We found a significant positive correlation between the MVC measured by digital palpation and the peak manometric pressure (r=0.579, p<0.001), and between the measurements of the endurance by Peritron manometer and the PERFECT assessment scheme (r=0.559, P<0.001). Conclusion: Our results revealed a positive and significant correlation between the capacity and maintenance of PFM contraction using digital and manometer evaluations in women with predominant symptoms of SUI.

Resumo Introdução: a palpação digital e a manometria são métodos capazes de fornecer informações sobre contração voluntária máxima (CVM) e endurance da musculatura do assoalho pélvico (MAP), e pode-se esperar uma forte correlação entre essas variáveis. Objetivo: investigar a correlação entre CVM e endurance, avaliados por palpação digital e manometria. Método: incluíram-se 42 mulheres, com idade média de 58,1 anos (±10,2) e sintomas predominantes de incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE). Realizou-se primeiramente o exame digital, seguido pela manometria (Peritron®). Mensuraram-se a CVM de acordo com a escala de Oxford (0-5 pontos) e o endurance pelo esquema PERFECT. Resultados: encontrou-se correlação positiva entre CVM mensurada por palpação digital e pressão manométrica de pico (r=0,579; p<0,001), e entre as medições do endurance avaliado pelo Peritron e o esquema PERFECT (r=0,559; p<0,001). Conclusão: os resultados revelaram correlação positiva e significativa entre a capacidade e a manutenção de contração dos MAP por meio das avaliações digital e manométrica em mulheres com IUE.

Perfil das pacientes do ambulatório de uroginecologia de um hospital público de Porto Alegre com relação à incontinência urinária e à qualidade de vida / Profile of female patients in the urogynecology ambulatory care of a public hospital in southern Brazil regarding urinary incontinence and quality of life

Introdução: A incontinência urinária (IU) é a perda involuntária de urina e pode ser classificada de acordo com os sintomas, sendo os tipos mais comuns: IU de esforço (IUE), IU de urgência (IUU) e IU mista (IUM). Ela causa impacto físico e psicológico negativo, piorando a qualidade de vida. A fisioterapia pélvica é importante no tratamento conservador da IU, pois é segura, não invasiva e com mínimos efeitos colaterais. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil das mulheres avaliadas pela fisioterapia pélvica no Ambulatório de Uroginecologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) com relação à IU e qualidade de vida. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, realizado a partir de informações dos prontuários das pacientes avaliadas pela fisioterapia pélvica no Ambulatório de Uroginecologia do HCPA, de agosto de 2013 a dezembro de 2014. Resultados: Dos 164 prontuários analisados, a média de idade das pacientes foi de 58,07 anos (±10,98), 55% realizaram parto normal, 51% fizeram episiotomia, todas eram multíparas, 60,4% apresentavam prolapso de órgão pélvico e a IUM foi a mais prevalente, sendo que 71,3% perdiam urina em jato. Quanto à força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, a maioria apresentava grau 2 (31,1%), seguido de grau 1 (28%) e grau 3 (24,4%), conforme a Escala de Oxford Modificada, e 75,6% acionavam musculatura acessória. O International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIS-SF) mostrou que o impacto da IU foi grave em 62,8%. Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu identificar as principais demandas da população feminina com IU, facilitando o delineamento de estratégias de reabilitação eficazes e compatíveis com a prática clínica (AU)

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is an involuntary loss of urine and can be classified according to its symptoms. The most common types are the following: stress UI (SUI), urge UI (UUI), and mixed UI (MUI). It causes negative physical and psychological impact and consequent deterioration in quality of life. Pelvic physical therapy plays an important role in the conservative treatment of UI, since it is noninvasive, safe, and with minimal side effects. Objectives: To describe the profile of female patients evaluated through pelvic physiotherapy at the Urogynecology Ambulatory Care of Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital (HCPA) regarding urinary incontinence and quality of life. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, documentary study that used information from the medical records of patients evaluated through pelvic physiotherapy at the Urogynecology Ambulatory Care of HCPA, from August 2013 to December 2014. Results: Of the 164 medical records analyzed, patients' average age was 58.07 years (±10.98), 55% of them underwent vaginal delivery, 51% received episiotomy, all were multiparous, 60.4% had pelvic organ prolapse, and 71.3% had urinary leakage in jets. MUI was the most prevalent type of IU. Regarding the strength of pelvic floor muscles, most patients had grade 2 (31.1%), followed by grade 1 (28%) and grade 3 (24.4%), according to the modified Oxford Grading Scale. 75.6% of the patients used some accessory musculature. Quality of life was measured by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF), which showed that the impact of UI was severe in 62.8% of the patients. Conclusion: The present study identified the main demands of the female population with symptoms of UI, facilitating the design of effective rehabilitation strategies which are compatible with clinical practice (AU)

A fisioterapia pélvica no tratamento da vulvodínia: revisão sistemática / Pelvic physiotherapy in the treatment of vulvodynia: systematic review

A Vulvodínia Localizada Provocada (VLP) é um tipo de dor crônica limitante e de interesse clínico, cuja etiologia ainda é obscura e para a qual parece não haver consenso a respeito da terapêutica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever o papel da fisioterapia pélvica no tratamento da VLP. Para tanto, foi realizada uma Revisão sistemática das bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, PEDro e SciELO a partir das palavras-chave vulvodínia, vestibulodínia e dor vulvar, bem como suas variáveis em inglês, em busca de ensaios clínicos que tratassem de técnicas fisioterapêuticas para esse fim. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos e estudos observacionais e excluídos os que tratassem de estudos em homens ou cobaias e os que versavam unicamente de tratamento cirúrgico ou medicamentoso. Todos foram analisados e qualificados pelos graus de evidência da Associação Médica Brasileira (AMB). Os resultados mostraram que de um um total de 14 artigos, quatro foram estudos de caso, cinco, ensaios randomizados controlados e os demais, estudos observacionais de coorte, transversais e retrospectivos. Foram descritos tratamentos por eletroestimulação, terapia comportamental e fisioterapia pélvica focada nos exercícios do assoalho pélvico, particularmente de propriocepção e coordenação motora visando à recuperação da capacidade ativa de relaxamento. Houve forte evidência suportando a eficácia da fisioterapia pélvica no alívio do quadro clínico da VLP. Não houve consenso a respeito de qual técnica, dentro do arsenal fisioterapêutico, é a mais eficiente para essas pacientes. Concluiu-se que a fisioterapia pélvica é segura e eficiente no tratamento da VLP e deve encabeçar o algoritmo terapêutico desse tipo de paciente.(AU)

Localized Provoked Vulvodynia (LPV) is a limiting chronic pain of clinical interest, whose etiology is still unclear and for which there is no consensus on the therapy. The aim of this paper was to describe the role of pelvic physiotherapy in the treatment of VLP. It was necessary a systematic review of databases PubMed, LILACS, PEDro and SciELO with the keywords vulvodynia, vestibulodínia and vulvar pain in Portuguese and in English, searching for clinical trials upon the physical therapy techniques for this purpose. It was included clinical trials and excluded those that concerned men or mice or only surgical or drug treatment. All of them were analyzed and qualified by the Associação Médica Brasileira (AMB) evidence scale. The results showed that on a total of 14 articles, four were case reports, five, randomized controlled trials, and the others, retrospective study and cross-sectional study studies. They described electrical stimulation treatments, behavioral therapy and pelvic physical therapy focused on pelvic floor exercises, particularly of proprioception and coordination aimed the recovery of active capacity of relaxation. There was strong evidence supporting the effectiveness of pelvic physiotherapy in relieving the clinical symptoms of LPV. There was no consensus about which technique on the physical therapy arsenal is the most effective. Concludes that pelvic physical therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of LPV, and should be considered as first line therapeutic in the algorithm of this kind of patient.(AU)

Flowmetry/pelvic floor electromyographic findings in patients with detrusor overactivity

To evaluate different flowmetry/EMG patterns in patients with proven detrusor overactivity (DO) and compare them with that of a group of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) but without DO.